Category: Logical
Specifies a logical test to perform
IF(Something is True, then do something, otherwise do something else)
Category: Lookup and reference
Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
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The formula checks if the criteria meets, thus returning the first argument of IF(), otherwise, the second argument is returned. continuing with this we have VLOOKUP() formula that will return results from the respective range of values.